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Are Expired Medications Safe?

Food, cosmetics, housecleaning products—just a few of the many everyday items that carry a “best by” date. Most prescription medications are also assigned a day of expiration. But while one whiff can alert you to spoiled milk or meat, it’s not nearly as easy to tell when prescription and over-the-counter drugs go bad, which leaves many consumers confused as to the purpose of these seemingly arbitrary dates.

Do drugs really “expire?” Are expiration dates hard and fast rules, or simply guidelines? What happens when a drug goes bad?

Why expiration dates exist
Mandated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the late 1970s, prescription expiration dates are initially set by drug manufacturers. Based on when the medication was dispensed, a pharmacy may also assign their own expiration date that precedes the manufacturer’s. Most prescriptions carry an expiration date of about a year from when a pharmacist opened the original package or bottle.

The idea of a pill or tablet going bad might seem doubtful, but it’s important to pay attention to these dates. Expired medicines can make you sick. Not because they are spoiled, per se, but because they no longer work the way they should.
“Once enough time has passed, most drugs begin to lose potency,” cautions Kathryn A. Boling, M.D., a primary care physician with Mercy Medical Center in Lutherville, MD. Even though recent studies indicate that certain drugs retain their effectiveness beyond their official expiration date, Boling says that people who take a drug after it has expired may end up receiving an improper dosage.

And some drugs—for example, tetracycline, an antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections such as pneumonia and urinary tract infections—do become toxic beyond a certain date.

The importance of proper storage
Ensuring the optimal effectiveness of prescription medications goes beyond just monitoring dates. “Storing drugs incorrectly can cause them to become ineffective even before the expiration date has passed,” Boling says.”Most people keep medications in their bathroom medicine cabinet—which, when you think about it, is not the best place in the world as it is moist and has fluctuating temperatures more than anyplace else in the home.This may cause the drug to lose even more potency.”

Cool, dry places are ideal for most medications. If the bottle comes with a cotton plug, remove it in order to prevent moisture from being trapped inside. Be on the lookout for changes in color and texture; these signs indicate that a medication has gone bad and should be replaced, regardless of the date on the bottle.

For medication-specific storage instructions, consult your pharmacist.

Disposing of Expired Meds
Leaving old, expired or unused medications in the house can pose a serious health hazard, especially for older adults and younger children. It’s important to dispose of any unnecessary drugs in the proper way.
While many medications can be safely disposed of in the trash, the simplest and most environmentally-friendly way to get rid of expired drugs is to drop them off at a collection site during one of the several National Prescription Drug Take-Back Day events hosted by the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration each year.

The next nationwide Take-Back Day is this Saturday, September 27, 2014, from 10:00 am-2:00 pm.

During this time, individuals are encouraged to bring their unused and expired medications to a local collection site (typically a police department) to be properly disposed of.

Use this tool, created by the Department of Justice, to search for a collection site in your area.

National Prescription Drug Take-Back Day

http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/drug_disposal/takeback/index.html

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Are Expired Medications Safe?

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